Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) resin: A review of chemistry, extraction techniques, and applications

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub of the Asteraceae family native to arid southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico that produces high-quality, hypoallergenic natural rubber. processing three output streams: high-molecular weight rubber as primary product, mixture resin/low-molecular rubber, fine, dry woody bagasse. The goal this review was evaluate guayule resin source secondary metabolites in order overcome obstacles commercialization by maximizing total economic value extractable fractions, increasing scale robustness extraction methods, while concurrently lowering operational costs environmental impacts separations. Based on literature current market prices, applications with highest potential are residential pesticides (with specific price range 1.1–6.8 USD/kg), paints coatings (0.7–6.0 wood preservative (0.8–6.0 amine-epoxy strippable (0.8–2.5 adhesives (0.125–1.60 USD/kg). separation methods greatest for scale-up pressurized solvent extractions, such supercritical CO2 extraction, due their reduced times, energy requirements, consumption.